Bedford County Conservation District

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Ag Neighbors

Farming and Water Quality

With agriculture being such an important part of the economy in Bedford County, its easy to understand that many county watersheds where farming is a significant land use show effects on both groundwater and streams. Nitrates and bacteria are the most likely impacts to groundwater, particularly in limestone valleys such as Friends Cove and Morrison's Cove where the geology, including the presence of numerous sinkholes, can enable surface water and runoff to quickly move to groundwater aquifers. Runoff from agricultural operations can carry sediment, nitrates and phosphates into our streams but with wise management and maintenance these impacts can be minimized.

Chesapeake Bay Tributary Strategy

Pennsylvania's Chesapeake Bay Tributary Strategy is a plan to reduce our state's impacts on water quality in the Bay through reductions in nitrates, phosphates, and sediment delivered by streams and rivers flowing to the Bay. In each Pennsylvania counties within the Chesapeake Bay watershed, conservation districts have designed and are implementing county -specific best management practices and other programs that target locally identified problems. In Bedford County, sediment pollution is the priority pollutant that the Conservation District has elected to target. Conservation tillage and cover crops are the primary practices the District will promote. No-till planting and cover crops are effective not only at reducing sediment in runoff but also reduce nitrate and phosphate pollution.

While farming has negative impacts on streams throughout Bedford County, those affects have been most pronounced in the Yellow Creek watershed where most of the main stem and tributaries have been listed as impaired due to agricultural sediment and nutrients. For this reason, the Yellow Creek watershed is targeted as a priority watershed for the county implementation plan. Though not listed as impaired, the Cove Creek watershed (Friends Cove) is another priority area identified by the Conservation District due to the high concentration of farms in the valley.

No Till Planting No-till farming, also known as conservation tillage or zero tillage is a way of growing crops from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage. It is becoming more common as researchers study its effects and farmers uncover its economic benefits.

Cover Crops A cover crop is any annual, biennial, or perennial plant grown to improve any number of conditions associated with sustainable agriculture. Cover crops are tools used to manage soil fertility, soil quality, water, weeds, pests, diseases, and diversity and wildlife. Farmers choose to grow specific cover crop types and to manage them in specific ways based on their own unique needs and goals. Cover crops act as a buffer between rainfall and the soil surface, allowing raindrops to steadily trickle down through the soi. Also, cover crop root growth results in the formation of soil pores which provide pathways for water to filter through the soil profile rather than draining off of the field as surface flow. With increased water infiltration, the potential for soil water storage and the recharging of groundwater aquifers can be improved. By reducing soil erosion and promoting better infiltration, cover crops can reduce the amount of runoff and pollutants carried by runoff, decreasing risks to our streams and rivers

Stream Buffers Naturally vegetated stream banks and riparian zones are effective in protecting water quality in several ways. First, the deep root structute of trees, shrubs, and perennial herbaceous plants act like 'rebar' to reinforce the soil structure along the banks. This not only reduces erosion and sedimentation but protects the banks and nearby structures from damage due to collapse during periods of hugh water and flooding. Vegetated buffers also intercept sediment pollution that might runoff from disturbed areas and reduce nutrient pollutants and pesticides through uptake and soil stabilization.

Nutrient Management As defined by the Environmental Protection Agency, nutrient management is managing the amount, form, placement, and timing of application of nutrients (whether as animal waste, commercial fertilizer, or other form of nutrients) to plants. The purpose is to supply plant nutrients for optimum forage and crop yields, minimize entry of nutrients to surface and groundwater, and maintain or improve condition of soil.

 

Conservation District Equipment Rental Program To assist farmers in adapting no-till planting and cover crops to their operations, the Bedford County Conservation District manages an equipment rental program for no-till corn planters and drills for small grains and grasses.

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